28   Non-clausal coordination (CONJP)

This section considers coordination between constituents that are not clause layers. Such genuine coordination can occur either between two or more ADVPs, or between two or more PPs, or between two or more NPs.

     When phrases are connected with conjunction the first from last and prior conjuncts are labeled as CONJPs, headed by CONJ, and adjoined to the last conjunct at the phrasal level, as illustrated in the following schema:

In bracketed notation this is:

(XP (CONJP (XP second-from-last-conjunct)
           (CONJ conjunction))
    (CONJP (XP first-from-last-conjunct)
           (CONJ conjunction))
    (XP last-conjunct))

     There are many particles that appear in patterns to form non-clausal coordinations. See section 8.4 for more discussion.

     There are a number of set constructions with a coordinating function, e.g.:

~も~も, ~か~か, ~なり~なり, ~とか~とか, ~など~など, ~だの~だの, ~だとか~だとか, ~やら~やら

28.1   Coordinated NPs

A conjunctive particle or coordinating conjunction can head a CONJP dominating a non-final conjunct NP. These are frequently paired with a particle that marks the entire coordination, forming a set construction of the type mentioned above. The particle that marks the entire coordination indicates the nature of the coordination as either an exhaustive list or an inexhaustive list. These list-ending particles are “buried” under the superordinate NP (see section 8.12 for more discussion).

(317)
市は「学都仙台」「楽都仙台」などのキャッチコピーも用いている。

( (IP-MAT (PP (NP (N 市))
              (P は))
          (NP-SBJ *)
          (PP (NP (PP (NP (CONJP (NP (-LRB- 「)
                                     (NPR 学都仙台)
                                     (-RRB- 」)))
                          (NP (-LRB- 「)
                              (NPR 楽都仙台)
                              (-RRB- 」))
                          (P など))
                      (P の))
                  (N キャッチコピー))
              (P も))
          (NP-OB1 *)
          (VB 用い)
          (P て)
          (VB2 いる)
          (PU 。))
  (ID 4_wikipedia_Sendai_City))

     Of course, there are examples without such list-ending particles:

(318)
こっちは1か2もしくは3パーセント成長するでしょう

( (IP-MAT (PP (NP (PRO こっち))
              (P は))
          (NP-SBJ *)
          (NP-MSR (CONJP (NP (NUMCLP (NUM 1)))
                         (P か))
                  (CONJP (NP (NUMCLP (NUM 2)))
                         (CONJ もしくは))
                  (NP (NUMCLP (NUM 3)
                              (CL パーセント))))
          (VB 成長)
          (VB0 する)
          (MD でしょう))
  (ID 52_ted_talk_7))

28.2   Coordinated PPs

(319)
終日近鉄線内のみ、もしくは地下鉄烏丸線内のみの運用もある。
‘Some trains run only within the Kintetsu Line or only within the Karasuma Line all day long.’

( (IP-MAT (PP (NP (N 終日)
                  (IP-REL (NP-SBJ *T*)
                          (PP-PRD (CONJP (PP (NP (N 近鉄線内))
                                             (P のみ))
                                         (PU 、)
                                         (CONJ もしくは))
                                  (PP (NP (N 地下鉄烏丸線内))
                                      (P のみ)))
                          (AX の))
                  (N 運用))
              (P も))
          (NP-SBJ *)
          (VB ある)
          (PU 。))
  (ID 33_wikipedia_KYOTO_19))

(70)
捕り方衆の叫び声があっちからもこっちからも聞こえて来る。

( (IP-MAT (PP (NP (PP (NP (N 捕り方衆))
                      (P の))
                  (N 叫び声))
              (P が))
          (NP-SBJ *が*)
          (PP (CONJP (PP (NP (PRO あっち))
                         (P から))
                     (P も))
              (PP (NP (PRO こっち))
                  (P から))
              (P も))
          (VB 聞こえ)
          (P て)
          (VB2 来る)
          (PU 。))
  (ID 5_aozora_Kunieda-1925))

28.3   Coordinated ADVPs

Coordinated ADVPs usually involve an overt coordinating conjunction such as また, かつ, しかも, しかし, etc.

(321)
涼しさの生じるためには、どうも時間的にまた空間的に温度の短週期的変化のあることが必要条件であるらしい。

( (IP-MAT (PP (IP-ADV (PP (NP (N 涼しさ))
                          (P の))
                      (NP-SBJ *の*)
                      (VB 生じる))
              (P ために)
              (P は))
          (PU 、)
          (ADVP (ADV どうも))
          (PP (NP (IP-EMB (ADVP (CONJP (ADVP (ADJN 時間的)
                                             (AX に))
                                       (CONJ また))
                                (ADVP (ADJN 空間的)
                                      (AX に)))
                          (PP (NP (PP (NP (N 温度))
                                      (P の))
                                  (N 短週期的変化))
                              (P の))
                          (NP-SBJ *の*)
                          (VB ある))
                  (N こと))
              (P が))
          (NP-SBJ *が*)
          (NP-PRD (N 必要条件))
          (AX で)
          (VB2 ある)
          (MD らしい)
          (PU 。))
  (ID 14_aozora_Terada-1929))

(322)
そんな服を着たまま、この老人はひどく窮屈に、しかし安らかに眠っているのだった。

( (IP-MAT (NP-ADV (IP-EMB (PP (NP (D そんな)
                                  (N 服))
                              (P を))
                          (NP-OB1 *を*)
                          (VB 着)
                          (AXD た))
                  (N まま))
          (PU 、)
          (PP (NP (D この)
                  (N 老人))
              (P は))
          (NP-SBJ *)
          (ADVP (CONJP (ADVP (ADVP (ADV ひどく))
                             (ADJN 窮屈)
                             (AX に))
                       (PU 、)
                       (CONJ しかし))
                (ADVP (ADJN 安らか)
                      (AX に)))
          (VB 眠っ)
          (P て)
          (VB2 いる)
          (FN の)
          (AX だっ)
          (AXD た)
          (PU 。))
  (ID 855_aozora_Harada-1960))